Nucleic Acids Research submission guide
Nucleic Acids Research's submission process, first-decision timing, and the editorial checks that matter before peer review begins.
Readiness scan
Before you submit to Nucleic Acids Research, pressure-test the manuscript.
Run the Free Readiness Scan to catch the issues most likely to stop the paper before peer review.
Key numbers before you submit to Nucleic Acids Research
Acceptance rate, editorial speed, and cost context — the metrics that shape whether and how you submit.
What acceptance rate actually means here
- Nucleic Acids Research accepts roughly ~45% of submissions — but desk rejection runs higher.
- Scope misfit and framing problems drive most early rejections, not weak methodology.
- Papers that reach peer review face a different bar: novelty, rigor, and fit with the journal's editorial identity.
What to check before you upload
- Scope fit — does your paper address the exact problem this journal publishes on?
- Desk decisions are fast; scope problems surface within days.
- Cover letter framing — editors use it to judge fit before reading the manuscript.
How to approach Nucleic Acids Research
Use the submission guide like a working checklist. The goal is to make fit, package completeness, and cover-letter framing obvious before you open the portal.
Stage | What to check |
|---|---|
1. Scope | Special issue consideration (for tools/databases) |
2. Package | Full submission |
3. Cover letter | Editorial assessment |
4. Final check | Peer review |
Quick answer: This Nucleic Acids Research submission guide is for authors whose draft is almost ready but still needs a journal-fit screen. NAR is usually easy to upload to and harder to fit cleanly than authors expect.
The portal itself is not the problem. The real challenge is making the submission look broad enough, useful enough, and technically disciplined enough for a journal that covers genomics, computational biology, structural work, and community-facing resources.
That means the practical job before submission is:
- decide what kind of NAR paper this is
- make the usefulness or biological consequence obvious early
- close reproducibility and benchmarking questions before the editor has to ask them
From our manuscript review practice
Of manuscripts we've reviewed for Nucleic Acids Research, sequence analysis or database papers where the computational approach is novel but the biological validation uses only existing annotations receive the most consistent desk rejections. The algorithm is mathematically sound, but when the validation set comes from the same database the method was benchmarked against rather than wet-lab followup, editors cannot confirm the predictions are real.
How this page was created
We reviewed the current Nucleic Acids Research author guidelines, NAR policies, the NAR author checklist, recent Oxford Academic issue pages, and the 100 most recent NAR papers used when this guide was built. We also checked recent Manusights pre-submission reviews from authors targeting NAR, Bioinformatics, Genome Biology, RNA, and adjacent genomics or computational-biology venues.
That source mix matters because NAR is not one generic biology journal. It publishes standard research articles, methods articles, critical reviews and perspectives, database articles, and web server articles. A manuscript can be technically strong and still fail if the article identity is unclear, the user value is asserted instead of demonstrated, or the data and software posture is not ready for a journal whose readership expects reuse.
Evidence boundary: Oxford publishes unusually detailed author rules, but it does not diagnose whether an individual draft has the right NAR identity. Use this guide for the decision competitors usually flatten: whether the manuscript is primarily a standard research article, method, database, web server, or broader biology paper, and whether the evidence package matches that lane.
In the 100-manuscript Manusights sample across Nucleic Acids Research, Bioinformatics, Genome Biology, RNA, and adjacent genomics venues, the strongest NAR submissions made one editorial identity visible across the title, abstract, figure sequence, benchmarking plan, database or web-server documentation, biological-validation figure, data statement, supplementary files, and cover letter. Manusights submission analysis identifies a failure pattern: the science is technically strong, but the manuscript asks Nucleic Acids Research editors to infer whether the contribution is a method, resource, database, web server, or biological discovery.
Nucleic Acids Research Key Submission Requirements
Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
Submission system | Oxford Academic ScholarOne at ScholarOne submission portal |
Article types | Methods, Resource/Database, Structural/Functional, Broader Biology, Review |
Length expectation | No strict limit; Methods and resource papers typically 5,000 to 8,000 words |
Cover letter | Required; must state article type and explain fit to NAR readership |
Data/code sharing | Required for tools, databases, and computational methods |
Special issues | Annual Database Issue and Web Server Issue with separate windows |
Peer review model | Single-anonymized peer review |
Publication model | Fully open access through Oxford University Press |
Submission URL | |
Open access charge signal | OUP currently shows a 3,625 USD charge in the NAR charge selector, with institutional agreements and waiver routes where applicable |
Page and colour charges | No page charges and no colour charges |
ORCID | Required for the corresponding author |
Author contributions | Required following CRediT taxonomy |
Funding statement | Required; disclose grants, foundation support, NIH or institutional funding |
Conflicts of interest disclosure | Required for all authors |
Data availability | Required statement; deposit datasets, code, and tool URLs in stable repositories |
Ethics statement | Required where human-subjects data, identifiable sequencing, or sensitive datasets are involved |
Supplementary information | Allowed for extended methods, additional benchmarks, or reproducibility artifacts |
Official details that change submission strategy
The Oxford guidance creates a few non-negotiable readiness checks.
Official detail | Why it changes your submission decision |
|---|---|
NAR publishes standard research, methods, critical reviews and perspectives, database, and web server articles | The manuscript must pick a lane before upload |
The journal uses single-anonymized peer review | Reviewers know the author identities, so trust signals and prior-resource context can matter |
Authors submit through the Oxford online submission site on ScholarOne | Author emails, files, supplementary material, data links, and declarations should be ready before login |
NAR policies require access to data underlying the results through a Data Availability statement | Tools, resources, and computational papers need stable repositories, accessions, or reviewer-access tokens |
The author checklist allows a single PDF for new manuscripts but asks for separate supplementary files where relevant | The first package can be operationally simple, but reproducibility support must still be complete |
Database and Web Server articles have dedicated issue policies | Do not submit a resource paper as if it were an ordinary research article without checking the right lane |
Computational resources should remain functional for at least 5 years | A database, web server, program, or dataset has to be maintainable, not only impressive at launch |
Graphical abstracts use a 5:2 aspect ratio, 127x50mm or 5x2in minimum | Visual summaries need to be prepared intentionally rather than treated as afterthoughts |
The practical implication: NAR submissions should be ready as a usable research object, not just as a readable manuscript.
Before you open the submission portal
Before upload, pressure-test the package:
- Is the article clearly a methods paper, resource paper, structural/functional paper, or broader nucleic-acids biology paper?
- If this is a tool or resource submission, is the user value obvious and demonstrated?
- If this is a biology paper, is the biological consequence clear rather than buried behind technique?
- Are code, data, repository, or access details already ready if they matter to the paper?
- Does the title and abstract explain why this paper belongs in Nucleic Acids Research rather than in a narrower journal?
NAR gets easier when the manuscript has a stable editorial identity. It gets harder when the article feels like it is trying to be several things at once.
A pre-submit checklist
- title and abstract state the main value clearly
- figures and tables make the central point legible quickly
- supplement resolves obvious reproducibility questions
- benchmark or validation logic is transparent and fair
- code, data, or access details are complete if relevant
- cover letter explains the fit to Nucleic Acids Research directly
Readiness check
Run the scan while Nucleic Acids Research's requirements are in front of you.
See how this manuscript scores against Nucleic Acids Research's requirements before you submit.
Choose the right NAR lane before you submit
One of the easiest ways to weaken a Nucleic Acids Research submission is to send a paper that has not decided what kind of NAR article it is trying to be. Editors do not want to solve that problem for the authors.
In practice, the manuscript usually needs to read clearly as one of these lanes:
- a method or tool paper where benchmarking is central
- a resource or database paper where community use is central
- a structural or mechanistic paper where the biological insight is central
- a broader genomics or nucleic-acids biology paper where the consequence is visible quickly
That choice affects almost everything:
- what the title should emphasize
- what the first figure has to prove
- what the cover letter needs to say
- what kind of reviewer the editor will try to find
If the paper starts like a resource, argues like a methods paper, and concludes like a biology paper, the submission immediately feels unstable. A cleaner editorial identity usually produces a smoother first screen and better reviewer routing.
1. Build the package before login
Have the real components ready before touching the portal:
- manuscript file
- figures and tables
- supplementary appendix
- code or repository details if relevant
- data or resource access information
- cover letter
For many NAR papers, the editor is deciding whether the package already feels usable and reviewer-ready, not simply whether the manuscript can be uploaded.
2. Settle the paper's identity
The process is smoother when the manuscript is unmistakably one of the following:
- a community-useful resource
- a method or tool with strong benchmarking
- a structural or mechanistic biology paper
- a genomics or nucleic-acids paper with broad relevance
Mixed identity creates drag because the editor has to infer what kind of review this paper actually needs.
3. Use the portal only after the editorial case is already clear
Portal completion is administrative. The harder question is whether an editor can open the file and answer quickly:
- who is this paper for
- why is it useful or important
- why should reviewers spend time on it
If those answers are still fuzzy, the process usually gets rough before review even starts.
4. Expect an early editorial screen around utility, rigor, and scope
At the first screen, the editor often decides:
- is this contribution broad enough for the journal
- does the validation package feel trustworthy
- is the user or biological value clear
- will peer review focus on contribution or on cleanup
5. Make the cover letter do real editorial work
For NAR, the cover letter should not just repeat the abstract. It should answer the editorial-fit question directly.
A useful cover letter usually makes four points clearly:
- what kind of NAR paper this is
- who in the readership will care
- why the contribution is broader than a narrow specialist use case
- why the review conversation should be about significance and rigor, not missing setup work
This is especially important for methods and resources. If the cover letter never explains the user value or why the paper belongs in NAR instead of a narrower venue, the editor has less reason to invest time in the submission.
5. Reviewer assignment depends on clarity
When the manuscript is clearly a resource paper, a methods paper, or a biology paper, routing becomes easier. If the paper feels mixed or unstable, the editor has more reason to hesitate. Editors at broad journals like NAR handle large submission volumes and need to match each paper with reviewers who can evaluate it against the right standard.
A methods paper sent to reviewers expecting a biology contribution, or a resource paper evaluated by reviewers who needed to see a benchmark, produces review comments that miss the paper's real strengths. A clear editorial identity is not just a stylistic preference: it determines whether the review process is productive or creates friction that could have been avoided.
A realistic process table
Editorial gate | What the journal is deciding | What usually creates friction |
|---|---|---|
Package review | Is the submission complete and coherent? | Missing access details, unclear supplement, weak benchmark setup |
Editorial screen | Is the paper useful or important enough for NAR readers? | Narrow utility, unclear fit, unstable identity |
Reviewer assignment | Who should own this paper? | Mixed article type, unclear audience, fuzzy framing |
First decision | Are reviewers debating the contribution instead of the basics? | Reproducibility gaps, weak benchmarking, overstated claims |
What is the Nucleic Acids Research editorial triage timeline?
NAR's flow follows the Oxford Academic editorial workflow and what NAR authors report through community channels. Treat as planning ranges, not promises.
- Day 0: ScholarOne submission portal upload. The Oxford ScholarOne portal accepts the package, runs Data Availability and originality checks, and routes to a handling editor matching the NAR lane (methods, resource, structural/functional, broader biology).
- Days 1 to 14: Administrative and editorial admin. Editorial staff verify article-type compliance, data and code availability, repository links, and Database/Web Server issue requirements where applicable.
- Days 14 to 30: Editorial screen and reviewer invitations. NAR uses single-anonymized review and typically invites two to three reviewers with topic-matched expertise.
- Days 30 to 90: Peer review. Reviewer reports return on a 4 to 12 week cadence; computational and resource papers extend the timeline because reviewers test tools and verify reproducibility.
- Days 90 to 150: First editorial decision. Major revision is the most common outcome for papers that pass desk review.
- Days 150 to 270: Revision rounds and acceptance. Single-revision acceptances run roughly 5 to 7 months total; multi-round revisions push closer to 9 months. Accepted papers appear in Advance Access within weeks of acceptance.
How does Nucleic Acids Research compare with nearby nucleic-acids venues?
Venue | Impact Factor (2024) | Acceptance rate | Review time signal | APC | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nucleic Acids Research | 13.1 | About 20 percent | 4 to 12 weeks to first decision | $3,625 (Oxford OA) | Broad nucleic-acids biology, methods, and resources |
Cell | 52.3 | About 5 percent | 1 to 2 weeks desk; 3 to 5 months after review | $11,390 (Cell Press OA option) | Highest-impact molecular biology including nucleic-acids work |
Molecular Cell | 16.6 | About 12 percent | 1 to 2 weeks desk; 2 to 4 months after review | $5,490 (Cell Press OA option) | Molecular mechanism in nucleic-acids and protein biology |
Nature Communications | 15.7 | About 8 percent | 1 to 2 weeks desk; 2 to 4 months after review | $7,350 (Nature OA) | Broad biology with nucleic-acids significance |
Genome Research | 5.5 | About 18 percent | 1 to 2 months to first decision | $4,000 (CSHL OA) | Genomics methodology and discovery |
Bioinformatics (OUP) | 5.7 | About 25 percent | 4 to 8 weeks to first decision | $3,625 (Oxford OA) | Computational biology methods and tools |
Before submitting to Nucleic Acids Research, a Nucleic Acids Research manuscript fit check identifies whether the package meets the editorial bar before you commit to the submission.
Common mistakes and avoidable delays
- Tools or methods submissions that claim broad value without demonstrating actual community use.
- Benchmark sections that feel selective, incomplete, or too favorable to the new method.
- Resource papers that hide code, access, or documentation details until late.
- Biology papers that are technically strong but editorially too narrow for NAR.
- Manuscripts that read like two article types at once.
- Cover letters that summarize the paper but never explain why Nucleic Acids Research is the right home.
- Portal-ready packages that still leave obvious reviewer questions unresolved.
What editors are actually screening for
Editorial criterion | What passes | Desk-rejection trigger |
|---|---|---|
Scope and article identity | Editors want to know quickly whether this is the kind of paper their readership will use, cite, or care about; the paper has a clear identity (methods, resource, structural, or biology) that is obvious from the first page | Papers with a mixed or unstable identity leave the editor uncertain how to route the submission; if the manuscript cannot be identified as one kind of NAR contribution, the editorial process becomes harder before review even begins |
Benchmark and validation quality | For methods and resources, comparisons are fair, current, and comprehensive enough that the editor can assess whether the claimed advance over existing approaches is genuine and meaningful | Editors and reviewers notice quickly when comparisons are selective or optimized to favor the new tool; a benchmark designed to show the method in its best light rather than to inform the reader undermines the credibility of the whole submission |
Reproducibility posture | For many NAR papers, usability and openness are part of the contribution; code, data, and documentation choices are complete and look deliberate rather than provisional or retrofitted at submission | Papers where code is unavailable, data access is unclear, or methods rely on informal lab knowledge rather than reproducible documentation consistently fail the editorial trust test for resource and tool submissions |
Biological consequence | For biology papers, the manuscript explains what changed biologically, not just what was measured; the technical work connects to a clear biological insight or interpretive advance visible in the results | A technically strong paper without a clear biological payoff often feels weaker than authors expect; editors are looking for the biological consequence the technique enables, not just evidence that the technique works |
Where strong Nucleic Acids Research submissions usually separate themselves
The best submissions usually feel both technically serious and broadly useful. They make the value obvious before peer review begins.
That usually means:
- the title and abstract explain the contribution clearly
- the first figure or table supports the main use case or biological point
- the supplement closes obvious technical objections
- the manuscript identity is consistent from start to finish
- the cover letter explains why NAR is the right editorial home
What has to be true before the package is really ready
The practical question is not whether the manuscript can be uploaded today. It is whether the first serious reader will feel that the authors have already done the hard package work.
That usually means:
- the title tells the editor what the contribution is without hype
- the abstract explains either the biological consequence or the user value in plain terms
- the first figure carries more than a technical teaser
- the benchmark logic survives skeptical reading
- the supplement answers the obvious reproducibility objections
- the access, documentation, or repository details are already stable
If those elements are still loose, the submission often feels early even when the science itself is strong.
Before you submit, pressure-test the package
- Would a target reader understand why the paper matters after the title and abstract alone?
- Is the benchmark or validation package strong enough to survive a skeptical read?
- Does the manuscript have one clear editorial identity?
- Would an editor see utility or mainly extra work?
If the honest answer to the last question still points to "extra work," the package probably is not ready yet.
Before you upload, run your manuscript through a NAR submission readiness check to catch the issues editors filter for on first read.
Submit If
- the manuscript has a clear, stable editorial identity: it reads unmistakably as a methods paper, resource paper, structural or functional paper, or biology paper
- for tools and resources, the user value is demonstrated rather than asserted: benchmarking is fair, comprehensive, and against current state-of-the-art methods
- code, data, accessions, repository links, and reviewer access details are complete enough to support the Data Availability statement
- for biology papers, the biological consequence is stated explicitly and supported by evidence, not simply asserted in the introduction
- the cover letter explains why the paper belongs in NAR rather than Bioinformatics, Genome Biology, RNA, or a narrower molecular-biology venue
Think Twice If
- the abstract blends elements of two or three NAR article types without settling on one primary identity, leaving the editor uncertain how to route it
- for methods submissions, broad utility is claimed in the abstract without being supported by benchmarking against current tools or documented community adoption
- the methods section and benchmark table are incomplete, selective, or optimized to favor the new tool rather than informing the reader fairly about performance across relevant metrics
- data availability, repository access, accession numbers, or reviewer tokens are still provisional
- for biology papers, the figures and results are technically thorough but do not establish what biological insight, discovery, or capability the technique actually enables
Publisher, portal, and editorial moats
Nucleic Acids Research runs on Oxford Academic's ScholarOne portal at mc.manuscriptcentral.com/nar, the OUP submission backbone shared across the Oxford Academic journal portfolio.
Two journal-fit moves matter before submission:
- NAR is fully open access, not hybrid. Every accepted paper publishes under Creative Commons, with the article processing charge listed in Oxford's OA schedule, waiver pathways for corresponding authors in Low and Middle Income countries, and Read and Publish coverage for many institutions. - NAR runs two unusual annual special issues: the Database Issue for web-accessible biological databases and the Web Server Issue for web-accessible biological analysis tools.
Each has separate submission windows and editorial criteria focused on community utility and 5-year maintenance commitments.
Choosing the right NAR lane before submission is the journal-fit moat authors most consistently misuse. Papers submitted as Standard Research that should have been routed to Database or Web Server are often returned with a request to resubmit in the appropriate lane.
Start with the official rules for upload mechanics, then judge the draft itself. The review tells you whether your paper clears the Nucleic Acids Research fit check before upload, especially around mixed NAR article identity where the manuscript never chooses a primary lane, tool or resource value asserted without demonstrated community utility, and biological consequence buried beneath benchmarking and technical description. Paid Manusights reviews include a 60-day money-back guarantee, and we do not train models on submitted manuscripts.
Decision risks before submitting to Nucleic Acids Research
For manuscripts targeting Nucleic Acids Research, five patterns generate the most consistent desk rejections worth knowing before submission.
According to Nucleic Acids Research submission guidelines and policies, each pattern below maps to a real editorial-readiness issue. Addressing these before submission reduces the chance that the first screen focuses on missing setup rather than contribution.
Mixed NAR article identity where the manuscript never chooses a primary lane
For manuscripts targeting Nucleic Acids Research, the first desk-risk pattern is a paper that blends two or three NAR article identities without choosing the one the editor should evaluate.
The abstract starts as a method paper, the results read like broader biology, the supplementary files contain the resource, and the cover letter says the work is also useful as a database or web server. Oxford's Nucleic Acids Research guidance gives authors multiple lanes, including research articles, methods, reviews, database articles, and web-server articles, but the manuscript still has to make one editorial identity primary.
The failing components are the title, abstract, cover letter, article-type choice, figure sequence, supplementary resource description, data statement, and references. If the editor cannot tell whether benchmarking, biological consequence, resource maintenance, or community utility is the main standard, reviewer assignment becomes unstable. Better redirect targets include Bioinformatics, Genome Biology, RNA, Database, Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Systems, and specialist genomics or computational-biology venues.
The fix is to choose the NAR lane before upload and make every component support that lane.
Tool or resource value asserted without demonstrated community utility
For manuscripts targeting Nucleic Acids Research, the second recurring pattern is a tool, method, database, or web-server manuscript that asserts broad value without demonstrating it.
The abstract says the resource will serve the community, but the benchmark table compares against old tools, the real-dataset example is narrow, the usage scenario is hypothetical, the repository or server evidence is thin, and the cover letter never proves why the NAR readership needs the contribution.
The components that need to agree are the abstract, methods, benchmarking figure, database or server description, code and data statement, supplementary documentation, user-facing examples, and references. NAR readers expect resource papers to be usable beyond the authors' lab. For database and web-server candidates, authors also need stable access, maintenance posture, clear input and output behavior, and comparative evidence against current alternatives.
If the strongest contribution is software engineering, Bioinformatics or SoftwareX may be cleaner; if it is a narrower biology result, RNA, Genome Research, or a specialty molecular-biology journal may fit better. The fix is to demonstrate community utility rather than announce it.
Biological consequence buried beneath benchmarking and technical description
For manuscripts targeting Nucleic Acids Research, the third recurring pattern is a technically careful manuscript whose biological consequence never becomes visible.
The paper may contain strong modeling, sequencing, structure prediction, biochemical assays, database curation, or tool benchmarking, yet the abstract, Figure 1, results headings, discussion, and cover letter do not show what the work changes about nucleic acid biology, genomics, RNA biology, DNA repair, transcription, protein-nucleic-acid interaction, or molecular mechanism. This is different from weak technique.
Often the technique is strong, but the manuscript asks the editor to infer the biological payoff. The NAR package should make that payoff explicit across the title, abstract, first result, benchmark figure, biological-validation figure, data statement, supplementary files, and cover letter. If the biological claim is too narrow, a specialist molecular-biology journal may fit better.
If the technical claim dominates, Bioinformatics or Cell Systems may be the stronger route. Check whether your Nucleic Acids Research manuscript is submission-ready →
Clarivate JCR 2024 bibliometric data provide additional context when planning your submission strategy.
Before submitting to Nucleic Acids Research, a Nucleic Acids Research submission readiness check identifies whether your editorial identity, benchmarking evidence, and biological consequence meet the editorial bar before you commit to the submission.
Or see example reports before you finalize.
Useful next pages
These pages cover desk rejection patterns, submission process expectations, JIF context, and journal assessment for Nucleic Acids Research.
- How to Avoid Desk Rejection at Nucleic Acids Research
- Nucleic Acids Research submission process
- Nucleic Acids Research JIF
- Is Nucleic Acids Research a Good Journal?
For status interpretation after submission, see the Nucleic Acids Research Under Review status guide.
Frequently asked questions
NAR uses an online submission portal through Oxford University Press. Before uploading, decide what kind of NAR paper you are submitting (methods, resource, structural/functional, or broader nucleic-acids biology), ensure the usefulness or biological consequence is obvious, and close reproducibility and benchmarking questions. Upload the manuscript with code, data, and repository details ready if relevant.
NAR covers genomics, computational biology, structural work, and community-facing resources. The journal wants papers that are broad enough, useful enough, and technically disciplined enough. For tool or resource submissions, user value must be demonstrated. For biology papers, the biological consequence must be clear rather than buried behind technique.
Common mistakes include submitting a paper without a stable editorial identity (trying to be several things at once), tool or resource papers without demonstrated user value, biology papers where the biological consequence is buried behind technique, and missing code, data, or repository details that matter to the paper's reproducibility.
Yes, NAR publishes several article types including methods papers, resource papers, structural and functional papers, and broader nucleic-acids biology papers. Each category has different expectations. NAR also publishes an annual Database Issue and Web Server Issue with specific submission windows and requirements.
Sources
- 1. Nucleic Acids Research journal homepage, Oxford Academic.
- 2. Author guidelines | Nucleic Acids Research, Oxford Academic.
- 3. NAR Open Access Initiative and APC schedule, Oxford Academic.
- 4. Policies | Nucleic Acids Research, Oxford Academic.
- 5. NAR ScholarOne submission portal, Oxford Academic.
- 6. Nucleic Acids Research author checklist, Oxford Academic.
Final step
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Run the Free Readiness Scan to see score, top issues, and journal-fit signals before you submit.
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- How to Avoid Desk Rejection at Nucleic Acids Research (2026)
- Nucleic Acids Research submission process
- Is Your Paper Ready for Nucleic Acids Research? A Guide to NAR's Three Editorial Tracks
- Nucleic Acids Research Review Time 2026: How Long to First Decision?
- Nucleic Acids Research 'Under Review': What the Status Means
- Nucleic Acids Research Acceptance Rate: What Authors Can Actually Use
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